complementation

michael noonan

• That Cartier defeated Dugue would be significant (that-clause)
• For Cartier to defeat Dugue would be significant (infinitive clause)
• Cartier's defeating Dugue is significant (gerundal or verbal noun clause)
  
• Nelson saw Cartier defeating Dugue (participial clause)

"Derivational affixes, such as English -ing, which are used to convert a form from one part of speech to another are not considered here to be complementizers."

"Complementizers typically derive historically form pronouns, conjunctions, adpositions or case markers, and, rarely, verbs, and so may resemble words currently used in these capacities." In SE Asia, it's common for complementizers to derive form verbs.

"Parataxis and verb serialization may be used in complementation."
IN 100s of E. and SE Asian languages, "Each verb phrase contains a fully inflected verb."

In Lango, and African language:
"woman told (3SG DAT) man sifted (3SG) millet
'The woman said it to the man, he sifted millet'
The woman told the man to sift millet (and he did)"

Complement types: indicative, subjunctive, paratactic, infinitive, nominalization, participle

"Zeke wants Norma to plant the corn.
Zeke wants to plant the corn."