contrastive rhetoric studies in applied linguistics

ulla connor

"Three approaches concerning tranfer have dominated: contrastive analysis; error analysis; and its later development, an analysis of the transitional system called 'interlanguage'."

"Non-Anglo-American English as in international language encourages tolerance for nonnative norms of English."

"English readers expect and require landmarks of coherence and unity as they read. The writer needs to provide transitional statements. In Japanese, on the other hand, trasnsitions may be lacking. The reader is expected to piece sections together to make a coherent text."

"In addition to emphasizing the personal growth and integration inherent in such self-evaluation, social constructionist theory in L1 composition has allied itself with an anti-authoritarian ideology."

"...critical pedagogy...has not been embraced by ESL teachers and researchers..."

Shifting out of "neutral": beginning teachers' struggles with teaching for social justice

deirdre m. kelly and gabriella minnes brandes

"We discerned 5 distinct positions about the possibility and desirability of teacher neutrality."
"Teachers alone cannot overcome the social injustices that currently impede democracy, but they can play an important role in nurturing a more active form of citizenship among young people."
"Those who have written about critical pedagogy are clear that teaching is inevitably political and teachers cannot be value-neutral."
"knowledge is individually rather than socially constructed"
"Teacher neutrality is not only undesirable but impossible."
Some teachers thought "of action in modest and student-appropriate ways that unfolded in local contexts."